{"id":43323,"date":"2025-09-09T17:51:32","date_gmt":"2025-09-09T17:51:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/radiojehona.com\/?p=43323"},"modified":"2025-09-09T17:51:33","modified_gmt":"2025-09-09T17:51:33","slug":"murtaja-e-bardhe-godet-rende-ballkanin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/radiojehona.mk\/?p=43323","title":{"rendered":"\u201cMurtaja e Bardh\u00eb\u201d godet r\u00ebnd\u00eb Ballkanin"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e fundit zyrtare tregojn\u00eb qart\u00eb se rritja negative e popullsis\u00eb, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht \u201cmurtaja e bardh\u00eb\u201d, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga problemet m\u00eb serioze demografike, por edhe sociale n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e vendeve t\u00eb rajonit t\u00eb Ballkanit i cili n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb pasoja t\u00eb shum\u00ebfishta p\u00ebr shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb. N\u00eb disa vende t\u00eb rajonit prej vitesh p\u00ebrs\u00ebritet trendi i rritjes s\u00eb numrit t\u00eb vdekjeve n\u00eb krahasim me numrin e lindjeve gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb viti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb Maqedoni n\u00eb tremujorin e par\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 2025, numri i lindjeve t\u00eb gjalla ishte 3.526, nj\u00eb r\u00ebnie prej 2,9 p\u00ebr qind krahasuar me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn periudh\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 2024, sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga Enti Shtet\u00ebror i Statistikave. Numri i vdekjeve n\u00eb tremujorin e par\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 2025 u rrit me 3.8 p\u00ebr qind krahasuar me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin tremujor t\u00eb vitit 2024 dhe arriti n\u00eb 5.398 persona. Nga k\u00ebto, 15 ishin vdekje foshnjore. Rritja natyrore \u00ebsht\u00eb negative dhe arrin n\u00eb minus 1.872, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se numri i lindjeve t\u00eb gjalla \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt se numri i vdekjeve me po kaq njer\u00ebz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb tremujorin e par\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 2025 u lidh\u00ebn 1.846 martesa, dhe numri i tyre u ul me 25.8 p\u00ebr qind krahasuar me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn periudh\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 2024. U regjistruan 465 divorce, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb r\u00ebnie prej 22.1 p\u00ebr qind krahasuar me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn periudh\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 2024. N\u00eb vitin 2024, lind\u00ebn gjithsej 16.153 f\u00ebmij\u00eb, nga t\u00eb cil\u00ebt 16.061 ishin lindje t\u00eb gjalla dhe 92 ishin t\u00eb vdekur. Numri i lindjeve t\u00eb gjalla n\u00eb vitin 2024 u ul me 4.0 p\u00ebr qind krahasuar me vitin e kaluar. N\u00eb vitin 2010, lind\u00ebn 24.296 f\u00ebmij\u00eb. P\u00ebr mbi 14 vite, numri i t\u00eb porsalindurve n\u00eb vend \u00ebsht\u00eb ulur me 31.1 p\u00ebr qind n\u00eb vit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekspert\u00ebt konsiderojn\u00eb se nuk ka nj\u00eb zgjidhje universale p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb problem shoq\u00ebror nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb studimet tregojn\u00eb se vendet m\u00eb pak t\u00eb zhvilluara kan\u00eb nivelin m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb vdekshm\u00ebris\u00eb dhe shtimin e ul\u00ebt natyror. Nd\u00ebr masat p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur shtim pozitiv t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrparimi ekonomik, grante p\u00ebr fertilizim artificial, investimet m\u00eb t\u00eb larta n\u00eb sistemin e sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb. Politika t\u00eb ndryshme familjare po zbatohen n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb adresuar ngecjen demografike, nga i ashtuquajturi \u201cmodeli i kuot\u00ebs familjare\u201d i p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb sistemin tatimor francez, te i ashtuquajturi \u201cndihm\u00eb universale p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb\u201d n\u00eb Itali, ose \u201crimbursimi i taksave prind\u00ebrore\u201d n\u00eb Singapor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Presidenti i SHBA-s\u00eb Donald Trump n\u00ebnshkroi muaj m\u00eb par\u00eb Aktin e Uljes s\u00eb Taksave dhe Pun\u00ebsimit, i cili, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 shkurtimeve t\u00eb caktuara t\u00eb ndihm\u00ebs federale p\u00ebr qytetar\u00ebt, rritjes s\u00eb shpenzimeve p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb dhe leht\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb konsiderueshme tatimore, parashikon gjithashtu nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitimeve p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Me k\u00ebt\u00eb ndryshim, p\u00ebrfitimi rritet nga 2.000 dollar\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb aktualisht n\u00eb 2.200 dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb deri n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 17 vje\u00e7. Ky kompensim u prezantua n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara n\u00eb vitin 2018, dhe m\u00eb pas u rrit n\u00eb 3.000 dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb gjat\u00eb pandemis\u00eb COVID, si nj\u00eb mas\u00eb e p\u00ebrkohshme, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs u kthye n\u00eb 2.000 dollar\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rritja e k\u00ebtij kompensimi vjen n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb kur shkalla totale e lindjeve n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara \u00ebsht\u00eb mesatarisht n\u00ebn 1.6 f\u00ebmij\u00eb p\u00ebr grua, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb ky veprim pritet t\u00eb rezultoj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje prej tre deri n\u00eb 10 p\u00ebr qind dhe t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb familjet t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb q\u00ebllimet e tyre p\u00ebr numrin e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve. Sipas hulumtimit nga Instituti Amerikan p\u00ebr Studime Familjare, kjo mas\u00eb do t\u00eb kontribuonte n\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb rritjes natyrore dhe popullsis\u00eb n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara, dhe gjithashtu do t\u00eb stimulonte qytetar\u00ebt t\u00eb martoheshin, t\u00eb kishin m\u00eb shum\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb dhe k\u00ebshtu t\u00eb krijonin \u201cfamilje m\u00eb t\u00eb forta\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por Shtetet e Bashkuara nuk jan\u00eb i vetmi vend q\u00eb po merr masa p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrballur me \u201cmurtaj\u00ebn e bardh\u00eb\u201d, dhe q\u00eb nga fillimi i shekullit, politika p\u00ebr t\u00eb inkurajuar rritjen natyrore p\u00ebrmes shtesave financiare dhe leht\u00ebsirave tatimore jan\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb nga dhjet\u00ebra vende anemban\u00eb bot\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Analiza nga Instituti p\u00ebr Studime Familjare tregon se politika t\u00eb tilla kan\u00eb kontribuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb ngritjes me 0.09 deri n\u00eb 0.18 f\u00ebmij\u00eb p\u00ebr grua, gj\u00eb q\u00eb tregon se metodologjia \u201cpara p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb\u201d funksionon. Mesatarisht, rritja e mb\u00ebshtetjes financiare p\u00ebr familjet me rreth 0.7 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb PBB-s\u00eb rezulton n\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb shkall\u00ebs s\u00eb rritjes me rreth n\u00ebnt\u00eb p\u00ebr qind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00ebshtu, masat nxit\u00ebse n\u00eb Hungari rezultuan n\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb shkall\u00ebs s\u00eb martesave dhe shkall\u00ebs s\u00eb rritjes, e cila u rrit nga 1.25 n\u00eb vitin 2012 n\u00eb 1.52 f\u00ebmij\u00eb p\u00ebr grua n\u00eb vitin 2022. Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb OECD-s\u00eb, Hungaria ndan 2.3 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb PBB-s\u00eb p\u00ebr politikat familjare dhe 1.3 p\u00ebr qind p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfitime t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta financiare p\u00ebr familjet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00ebto masa p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb, nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera, nj\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtim t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetsh\u00ebm nga tatimi mbi t\u00eb ardhurat personale p\u00ebr n\u00ebnat me t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn kat\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb, nj\u00eb falje t\u00eb pjesshme t\u00eb borxhit hipotekor pas lindjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb f\u00ebmije, leht\u00ebsime tatimore p\u00ebr familjet me t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn dy f\u00ebmij\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb ulje t\u00eb TVSH-s\u00eb p\u00ebr strehimin p\u00ebr familjet<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, politikat familjare t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb hungareze synojn\u00eb gjithashtu subvencionimin e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimit t\u00eb nj\u00ebsive ekzistuese t\u00eb rr\u00ebnuara t\u00eb banesave me sht\u00ebpi moderne, t\u00eb cilat do t\u2019u ofronin familjeve kushte m\u00eb t\u00eb mira p\u00ebr rritjen e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trende t\u00eb ngjashme pozitive n\u00eb inkurajimin e numrit t\u00eb t\u00eb porsalindurve tregohen nga masat e marra n\u00eb Poloni, ku shkalla totale e fertilitetit \u00ebsht\u00eb 1.39 f\u00ebmij\u00eb p\u00ebr grua. K\u00ebto masa p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb sisteme ndihmash p\u00ebr secilin f\u00ebmij\u00eb, pragje m\u00eb t\u00eb larta p\u00ebrjashtimi nga taksat dhe subvencione hipotekare p\u00ebr familjet e m\u00ebdha, si dhe politika p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrshtatur me stanjacionin demografik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Franca zbaton nj\u00eb model leht\u00ebsimi tatimor p\u00ebr familjet me f\u00ebmij\u00eb, i cili p\u00ebrfshin, nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera, p\u00ebrfitime t\u00eb ndryshme tatimore, t\u00eb tilla si nj\u00eb zbritje nga tatimi mbi t\u00eb ardhurat p\u00ebr shpenzime t\u00eb caktuara q\u00eb lidhen me f\u00ebmij\u00ebt, taksa m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta trash\u00ebgimie p\u00ebr familjet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, si dhe \u201cndihma p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb\u201d q\u00eb synojn\u00eb uljen e barr\u00ebs s\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe kompensimin p\u00ebr \u00e7do f\u00ebmij\u00eb t\u00eb porsalindur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sistemi francez i taksave p\u00ebrdor t\u00eb ashtuquajturin \u201cmodel i kuot\u00ebs familjare\u201d, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin t\u00eb ardhurat e fituara n\u00eb nj\u00eb familje pjes\u00ebtohen me numrin e an\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb saj, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin si t\u00eb rriturit ashtu edhe f\u00ebmij\u00ebt, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb normat efektive t\u00eb taksave t\u00eb ulen sa m\u00eb i lart\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb numri i f\u00ebmij\u00ebve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nj\u00eb objektiv kryesor i k\u00ebtij modeli \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb kompensoj\u00eb koston e lart\u00eb t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs p\u00ebr familjet franceze n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb ruaj\u00eb dhe inkurajoj\u00eb shkall\u00ebn totale t\u00eb fertilitetit prej 1.68 f\u00ebmij\u00ebsh p\u00ebr grua. Gjermania, nga ana tjet\u00ebr, aplikon nj\u00eb pages\u00eb p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb, e cila arrin n\u00eb 250 deri n\u00eb 300 euro n\u00eb muaj p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb stimuluar rritjen natyrore, shkalla e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb nivelin e 1.38 f\u00ebmij\u00ebve p\u00ebr grua. Ashtu si n\u00eb Franc\u00eb, sistemi tatimor gjerman parashikon nj\u00eb model q\u00eb lejon norma m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta efektive tatimore p\u00ebr \u00e7iftet e martuara me f\u00ebmij\u00eb, si dhe disa leht\u00ebsime tatimore p\u00ebr familjet e m\u00ebdha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Italia ka t\u00eb ashtuquajtur\u00ebn \u201cpages\u00eb universale p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb\u201d q\u00eb lejon ulje t\u00eb taksave direkte dhe leht\u00ebsime p\u00ebr t\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar presionin fiskal mbi familjet me f\u00ebmij\u00eb. Paralelisht me k\u00ebt\u00eb politik\u00eb n\u00eb nivel komb\u00ebtar, rajone t\u00eb caktuara italiane aplikojn\u00eb leht\u00ebsime tatimore p\u00ebr familjet e m\u00ebdha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kina, e cila ka ndjekur nj\u00eb \u201cpolitik\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb f\u00ebmije\u201d p\u00ebr shum\u00eb vite, tani p\u00ebrballet me nj\u00eb r\u00ebnie t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb dhe ka filluar t\u00eb prezantoj\u00eb masa p\u00ebr t\u00eb stimuluar rritjen. K\u00ebshtu, jan\u00eb futur leht\u00ebsime tatimore p\u00ebr familjet me f\u00ebmij\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat, nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera, parashikojn\u00eb nj\u00eb ulje t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave q\u00eb taksohen p\u00ebr secilin f\u00ebmij\u00eb t\u00eb varur. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, disa qytete dhe prefektura ofrojn\u00eb leht\u00ebsime shtes\u00eb tatimore p\u00ebr nj\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb t\u00eb dyt\u00eb ose t\u00eb tret\u00eb. Japonia ofron pagesa p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetjen e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, disa leht\u00ebsime t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta tatimore dhe subvencione p\u00ebr arsimimin e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve. N\u00eb nivel lokal, disa zona ofrojn\u00eb gjithashtu leht\u00ebsime t\u00eb pjesshme tatimore p\u00ebr familjet me t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn tre f\u00ebmij\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vendet nordike, nga ana tjet\u00ebr, ofrojn\u00eb leht\u00ebsira ose zbritje modeste tatimore q\u00eb lidhen me f\u00ebmij\u00ebt, por rritja natyrore stimulohet duke paguar \u201cndihmat p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb\u201d dhe duke subvencionuar kujdesin ndaj f\u00ebmij\u00ebve. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, vendet preferojn\u00eb t\u00eb stimulojn\u00eb rritjen natyrore me ndihma financiare dhe ndihma p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb leht\u00ebsirave tatimore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00eb thelb, politikat tatimore p\u00ebr t\u00eb inkurajuar lindshm\u00ebrin\u00eb u sjellin p\u00ebrfitime indirekte familjeve me f\u00ebmij\u00eb, duke krijuar nj\u00eb ndryshim de facto n\u00eb raport me taksapaguesit pa f\u00ebmij\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, kjo nuk interpretohet si \u201cnd\u00ebshkim\u201d i atyre q\u00eb zgjedhin t\u00eb mos ken\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb, por si stimuj brenda korniz\u00ebs s\u00eb politikave demografike q\u00eb synojn\u00eb inkurajimin e shkall\u00ebs s\u00eb lindjeve. Megjithat\u00eb, ekspert\u00ebt n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb bien dakord se vet\u00ebm ndihmat, stimujt dhe leht\u00ebsirat tatimore nuk do t\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb rezultatin e d\u00ebshiruar n\u00eb lidhje me inkurajimin e rritjes, n\u00ebse nuk shoq\u00ebrohen me politika t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr strehim, kujdes ndaj f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe pun\u00ebsim. \/Koha\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Të dhënat e fundit zyrtare tregojnë qartë se rritja negative e popullsisë, përkatësisht “murtaja e bardhë”, është një nga problemet më serioze demografike, por edhe sociale në shumicën e vendeve të rajonit të Ballkanit i cili në të ardhmen do të mund të ketë pasoja të shumëfishta për shoqërinë. Në disa vende të rajonit prej vitesh përsëritet trendi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":43324,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[576],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43323","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rajoni"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiojehona.mk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43323","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiojehona.mk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiojehona.mk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiojehona.mk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiojehona.mk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=43323"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/radiojehona.mk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43323\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43325,"href":"https:\/\/radiojehona.mk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43323\/revisions\/43325"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiojehona.mk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/43324"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/radiojehona.mk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=43323"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiojehona.mk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=43323"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/radiojehona.mk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=43323"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}